Cancer incidence and cancer death in relation to tobacco smoking in a population?based Australian cohort study

Tobacco smoke is a known carcinogen, but the magnitude of smoking-related cancer risk depends on country-specific, generational smoking patterns. We quantified in relation to population-based cohort, 45 and Up Study (2006-2009) New South Wales, Australia. Cox proportional hazards regressions estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) by self-reported history at baseline for incident, primary cancers via linkage registry data 2013 death 2015. Among 229 028 participants aged ?45 years, 18 475 5382 deaths occurred. Current-smokers had increased risks all combined (HR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-1.51), lung 17.66, 95%CI, 14.65-21.29), larynx 11.29, 5.49-23.20), head-and-neck 2.53, 1.87-3.41), oesophagus 3.84, 2.33-6.35), liver 4.07, 2.55-6.51), bladder 3.08, 2.00-4.73), pancreas 2.68, 1.93-3.71), colorectum 1.31, 1.09-1.57) unknown site 3.26, 2.19-4.84) versus never-smokers. Hazards with increasing intensity; compared never-smokers, HR 9.22 (95%CI, 5.14-16.55) 1-5 cigarettes/day 38.61 25.65-58.13) >35 cigarettes/day. Lung was lower quitting any age remained higher than never-smokers quitters >25y. By 80y, an 48.3% current-smokers (41.1% never-smokers) will develop cancer, 14% including 7.7% currently 26.4% (1.0% never-smokers). Cancer Australian smokers significant, even 'light' smokers. These contemporary estimates underpin need continued investment strategies prevent uptake facilitate cessation, which remain key reducing morbidity mortality worldwide.